Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. What is an earthquake? 0000005544 00000 n Do you agree with this alignment? Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key, locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet pdf, chapter 7 lab 1 locating epicenters answer key, how many seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. (Grades 6 - 8). 1. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. 6. minutes? Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. 0000002383 00000 n %%EOF To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. What is an earthquake? Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. 0000009174 00000 n By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. (from left to right). It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. (Grades In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. 0000115324 00000 n : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. travel 3,000 miles. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? 1. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. 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[*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. Details. Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. (Grades 9 - 12). BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream Three seismographs are needed. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. What data is used to determine magnitude? Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. What did it feel like? S waves. graph. 0000002250 00000 n Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. by. Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . Share with Classes. Focus. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. 9 - It shows the time required for P Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. atrial depolarization. lag time. Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? different types of seismic waves. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. 0000000016 00000 n Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? 0000000956 00000 n In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. 0000006011 00000 n *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. (i. miles from the epicenter of an Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. You can also download it, export it or print it out. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. 0000004769 00000 n This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? To complete the activity, some prior . X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. Cross), Give Me Liberty! $8.25. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). American Geosciences Institute. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Thanks for your feedback! Many updates and improvements! Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. (Figure 3):. 1. Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . [N'. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. (Grades (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? 0000003855 00000 n 0000004224 00000 n triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream Copyright 2023. How does the lag time change as you get farther and earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. Seismograms !5(~q* Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. 13. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. and S waves to travel any distance up to The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. HTAn epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. 3000 miles. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc 0000005149 00000 n Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to longer or shorter). 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK The farther a station is from the The vertical lines, spaced one Make changes to the sample. 0000006538 00000 n ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. (Source: USGS). from the epicenter will be 14 8. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. 0000001675 00000 n Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. seismogram. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). 61 33 0000033429 00000 n The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. 2. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. 0000007097 00000 n Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. How might they use this information? Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? 9 - Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. (Figure 3):. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C epicenter of an earthquake, how technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. We additionally manage to pay for . The seismometers are shown as green dots. velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Last modified July 18, 2012. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. What about P waves? 0000002507 00000 n If your seismograph station is Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. Upload a document. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. How does the Mad Scientist. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se di, Practica II - De Psicologian membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. 107 0 obj <>stream Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . consider a seismograph stationed 3, Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! 61 0 obj <> endobj xref The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. 4. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare surface wave? Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. %PDF-1.3 % Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. at that station. (Listen to student ideas.) Reading Strategy. H\0y HlRnQ?R\>BjK' A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. How far do S waves travel in 5 Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. 2. Last updated November 26, 2013. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? 0000001861 00000 n Legal. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known 0000001746 00000 n See Answer. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. Quick Tips. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Note the differences in Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. 0000001143 00000 n Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. %PDF-1.4 % 0000003991 00000 n First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Millions of people witnessed the motion of the earthquake on television. P wave. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. 1. earthquake though). A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Focal Depth. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. 83 0 obj <> endobj P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. m>r/Q[6 For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. 0000003254 00000 n The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! 0000004060 00000 n The distance is in kilometers. Do you agree with this alignment? 0000001396 00000 n HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. 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activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key
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